LASIK eye surgery is a popular procedure that can correct vision problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. While LASIK can be a life-changing procedure for many people, it is important to understand the potential side effects before making a decision. In this article, we will explore the side effects of LASIK eye surgery, including common and rare complications.
What is LASIK Eye Surgery?
LASIK stands for Laser-Assisted In-Situ Keratomileusis. It is a type of refractive surgery that uses a laser to reshape the cornea, the clear front part of the eye, in order to improve vision. LASIK is typically performed on both eyes during the same procedure and takes about 15 minutes per eye.
During the procedure, the surgeon creates a thin flap in the cornea using a microkeratome or femtosecond laser. The flap is then lifted and the laser is used to remove some of the corneal tissue, reshaping it to improve vision. The flap is then replaced and left to heal on its own.
The Side Effects of LASIK Eye Surgery
While LASIK is generally considered safe and effective, there are potential side effects and complications associated with the procedure. Here are some of the most common side effects of LASIK:
Dry Eyes – One of the most common side effects of LASIK is dry eyes. This occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears to keep the surface of the eye lubricated. Dry eyes can cause discomfort, redness, and vision problems.
Glare and Halos – Some people experience glare and halos around lights at night after LASIK. This can make it difficult to drive at night or see in low light conditions.
Flap Complications – Creating the corneal flap is a critical part of the LASIK procedure. If the flap is not created correctly or does not heal properly, it can cause vision problems or even require additional surgery to correct.
Infection – As with any surgery, there is a risk of infection after LASIK. This can be a serious complication and may require additional treatment to resolve.
Undercorrection or Overcorrection – While LASIK is designed to correct vision problems, there is a risk of undercorrection or overcorrection. This can result in the need for additional surgery or the use of glasses or contact lenses to achieve clear vision.
Vision Loss – In rare cases, LASIK can result in vision loss. This is typically due to a complication during the procedure or an infection that is not treated promptly.
Regression – Some people experience regression after LASIK, which means that their vision gradually returns to its pre-surgery state over time.
Other Side Effects – Other potential side effects of LASIK include double vision, ghosting, and decreased contrast sensitivity.
Rare Side Effects of LASIK Eye Surgery
While rare, there are some potential side effects of LASIK that are more serious. These include:
Corneal Ectasia – Corneal ectasia is a condition in which the cornea becomes thin and bulges outwards, causing vision problems. This can occur as a result of LASIK in rare cases.
Epithelial Ingrowth – Epithelial ingrowth is a condition in which the corneal epithelium, the outer layer of the cornea, grows under the flap created during LASIK. This can cause vision problems and may require additional surgery to correct.
Keratitis – Keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea that can occur after LASIK. It can be caused by a bacterial or viral infection and can be a serious complication.
Corneal Abrasion – Corneal abrasion is a scratch or injury to the cornea that can occur during the LASIK procedure. While rare, it can cause vision problems and may require additional treatment to resolve.
Persistent Pain – Some people experience persistent pain after LASIK, which can be a sign of a complication such as an infection or corneal abrasion.
Who is at Risk for LASIK Side Effects?
While anyone can experience side effects from LASIK, there are certain factors that may increase the risk. These include:
Pre-Existing Eye Conditions – People with pre-existing eye conditions such as glaucoma, cataracts, or severe dry eye may be at increased risk for side effects from LASIK.
Age – LASIK is typically not recommended for people under the age of 18, as their eyes are still developing. Older adults may also be at increased risk for side effects.
Pregnancy – Hormonal changes during pregnancy can affect vision and may increase the risk of side effects from LASIK.
Thin Corneas – People with thin corneas may be at increased risk for side effects from LASIK, as there may not be enough tissue to create the corneal flap.
Large Pupils – People with large pupils may be at increased risk for glare and halos after LASIK.
High Prescription – People with a high prescription may be at increased risk for undercorrection or overcorrection after LASIK.
Conclusion
LASIK eye surgery can be a life-changing procedure for many people, but it is important to understand the potential side effects before making a decision. The side effects of LASIK eye surgery include dry eyes, glare and halos, flap complications, infection, undercorrection or overcorrection, vision loss, regression, and other side effects. While anyone can experience side effects from LASIK, certain factors such as pre-existing eye conditions, age, pregnancy, thin corneas, large pupils, high prescription, and other factors may increase the risk. If you are considering LASIK, be sure to discuss the risks and benefits with your eye doctor to determine if it is the right choice for you.
