Vitiligo is a skin condition characterized by discoloration due to the absence of melanocytes, the specialized cells responsible for producing melanin, which imparts color to the skin, hair, and eyes. Contrary to common misconceptions, vitiligo is neither contagious nor deadly. This article aims to decode the A-Z of vitiligo, including its symptoms, causes, and treatment options.
Prevalence and Demographics
According to the Global Vitiligo Foundation, approximately 70 million people worldwide are affected by vitiligo. A 2023 study revealed that its prevalence in the Indian population is 1.9%, with two females affected for every three males.
Expert Insights
India Today spoke with Dr. Amit Bangia, Associate Director of Dermatology at Asian Hospital, Faridabad, to gain more insights into this condition. Dr. Bangia explains that vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder, meaning the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its healthy skin cells. It is also a chronic condition, implying that those affected may experience it for a lifetime.
Symptoms of Vitiligo
Vitiligo can develop anywhere on the body, but it commonly appears on the face, arms, hands, and feet. The primary symptoms include white or light patches of skin, lighter patches inside the mouth or nose, occasional itchiness, white or greying hair on the eyelashes, scalp, or eyebrows, and changes in eye color. Over time, these patches can grow and spread to other areas, such as the inside of the mouth and the genitals. Eye color change is generally not seen in vitiligo.
Causes of Vitiligo
The American Academy of Dermatology highlights several factors that increase the risk of developing vitiligo. These include having a blood relative with vitiligo or other autoimmune conditions affecting the thyroid or causing hair loss. Additionally, skin cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma are known to trigger vitiligo in some individuals, as can treatments for these diseases. Isolated events such as sunburn, exposure to chemicals, and emotional distress may also cause or exacerbate vitiligo.
Importance of Medical Attention
If one notices white patches on their skin, it is crucial to seek medical attention to rule out vitiligo. While it is not a deadly condition, vitiligo can lead to complications such as deafness and loss of vision due to inflammation of the ear and eye membranes, respectively.
Diagnosis and Treatment
A medical professional can diagnose vitiligo by reviewing the patient’s medical history and closely inspecting the patches under a specialized lamp. Blood tests may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis and identify any associated conditions like thyroid disease.
Treatment Options
The primary goals of vitiligo treatment are to restore lost skin color, prevent patches from expanding, and stop new patches from appearing. Treatment options include topical creams and ointments like corticosteroids and JAK inhibitors, light therapy using UV light to restore natural skin color, and surgery in advanced cases. As vitiligo can cause nutrient deficiencies, doctors may prescribe a specific diet and supplements.
Psychological Impact and Support
Treating the physical symptoms of vitiligo is essential, but it may not be sufficient. Many people with vitiligo suffer from low self-esteem and depression. Therefore, it is imperative to seek counseling and therapy in addition to regular medical care.
Spreading Awareness
On this World Vitiligo Day, spreading awareness about the condition is vital to eliminate societal taboos and the ostracism of those with vitiligo. By understanding and supporting individuals with vitiligo, we can foster a more inclusive and empathetic society.
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