A new study published in Neurology Open Access has uncovered a strong connection between smoking, particularly heavy smoking, and an increased risk of unexplained strokes in younger adults, with a particular focus on men and individuals aged 45 to 49.
The study delves into cryptogenic strokes—ischemic strokes caused by a blockage of blood flow, but with no identifiable cause. These strokes can lead to serious symptoms such as weakness, difficulty speaking, and vision issues, and in some cases, they can be fatal. While most strokes are more common in individuals over 65, recent trends show an uptick in strokes among younger populations.
Phillip Ferdinand, MBChB MRCP, a researcher from Keele University in the UK and member of the American Academy of Neurology, emphasized the lack of research on how smoking affects those under 50. “While smoking has long been linked to ischemic stroke, little is known about its impact on people under 50, especially those with unexplained strokes,” he said. “Our study found that smoking may be a key factor.”
To explore this potential link, researchers analyzed data from 546 individuals aged 18 to 49 who had experienced an unexplained stroke. The study participants were matched by age and sex with 546 individuals who had not had a stroke. Participants were questioned about their smoking habits, alcohol consumption, education, physical activity, and other health factors.
The results revealed a striking pattern: 33% of individuals who had an unexplained stroke were smokers, compared to just 15% of those without a stroke. After controlling for factors such as alcohol use, education, and blood pressure, the study found that smokers had more than twice the risk of having an unexplained stroke compared to non-smokers.
The study also highlighted significant disparities based on gender and age. Male participants had more than three times the risk, while individuals aged 45 to 49 faced nearly four times the risk. Furthermore, smoking intensity played a key role: those who smoked the equivalent of more than 20 packs per year faced over four times the risk of suffering an unexplained stroke. This risk was particularly pronounced in males, who had nearly seven times the risk, and in people aged 45 to 49, who had nearly five times the risk.
The findings suggest that reducing smoking, especially heavy smoking, could be an important public health strategy to reduce the incidence of strokes among young adults. “Our findings support the need for continued public health efforts to prevent smoking, particularly heavy smoking,” said Ferdinand.
However, the study’s findings come with a limitation. The research primarily involved individuals of white European descent, and the results may not be directly applicable to other populations.
In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of addressing smoking as a key risk factor for unexplained strokes in younger adults, especially for males and those approaching their late 40s.
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