If you’re wondering what the most common ENT (ear, nose, and throat) surgeries are, you’re not alone. Many people face issues with their ears, nose, or throat at some point and may need surgical treatment. ENT specialists, also known as otolaryngologists, perform these procedures to fix breathing problems, hearing loss, infections, and more.
In this article, we’ll discuss the 5 most common ENT surgeries, why they’re done, and what to expect.
1. Tonsillectomy (Tonsil Removal)
A tonsillectomy is one of the most well-known ENT surgeries. It involves removing the tonsils, which are two small glands at the back of the throat.
Why Is It Done?
Frequent throat infections – If someone gets tonsillitis (infected tonsils) many times a year, doctors may recommend removal.
Sleep apnea – Large tonsils can block breathing during sleep, especially in kids.
Difficulty swallowing – Enlarged tonsils can make eating uncomfortable.
What Happens During Surgery?
The procedure takes about 30 minutes under general anesthesia. Surgeons use special tools to remove the tonsils through the mouth—no external cuts are needed.
Recovery Time
Most people recover in 10–14 days. Sore throat and mild ear pain are normal, but severe bleeding is rare and needs medical attention.
2. Septoplasty (Deviated Septum Correction)
A septoplasty fixes a crooked nasal septum (the wall between nostrils). This surgery helps people breathe better.
Why Is It Done?
Chronic nasal blockage – A deviated septum can make breathing through the nose difficult.
Recurrent sinus infections – Poor airflow increases infection risk.
Nosebleeds – A crooked septum can dry out and bleed easily.
What Happens During Surgery?
Surgeons work inside the nose to straighten the septum. The procedure takes about an hour, and patients go home the same day.
Recovery Time
Swelling lasts a few weeks, but most people return to normal activities in about a week.
3. Ear Tube Surgery (Myringotomy)
Ear tube surgery helps drain fluid from the middle ear, preventing infections and hearing loss.
Why Is It Done?
Chronic ear infections – Kids with repeated ear infections often need tubes.
Hearing loss from fluid buildup – Fluid behind the eardrum can muffle sounds.
Eustachian tube dysfunction – If the ear won’t drain naturally, tubes help.
What Happens During Surgery?
A tiny tube is placed in the eardrum to let fluid escape. The whole process takes 10–15 minutes.
Recovery Time
Most people recover quickly, with fewer infections and better hearing soon after.
4. Sinus Surgery (FESS)
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) opens blocked sinuses to improve drainage.
Why Is It Done?
Chronic sinusitis – When medications fail, surgery can help.
Nasal polyps – Growths that block sinuses may need removal.
Structural issues – Some people have narrow sinus passages that need widening.
What Happens During Surgery?
Doctors use a tiny camera (endoscope) to remove blockages. No external cuts are made.
Recovery Time
Full healing takes a few weeks, but most people feel better within days.
5. Thyroidectomy (Thyroid Removal)
A thyroidectomy removes part or all of the thyroid gland.
Why Is It Done?
Thyroid cancer – Removing the gland stops cancer spread.
Large goiters – Swollen thyroids can press on the throat.
Hyperthyroidism – If medications don’t work, surgery may be needed.
What Happens During Surgery?
Surgeons make a small neck incision to remove the thyroid. The procedure takes 1–2 hours.
Recovery Time
Most people stay overnight in the hospital. Full recovery takes a few weeks.
Conclusion
ENT surgeries are common and can greatly improve quality of life. Whether it’s fixing breathing, stopping infections, or removing growths, these procedures help millions every year.
If you think you might need ENT surgery, talk to a specialist to explore your options. Early treatment often leads to better outcomes.
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