Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) is a non-invasive laser procedure used to treat open-angle glaucoma, a common eye disease that damages the optic nerve. Unlike traditional surgeries, SLT uses low-energy laser pulses to improve fluid drainage in the eye, reducing high eye pressure (intraocular pressure or IOP) without cutting or removing tissue.
This treatment is called “selective” because it targets only specific pigmented cells in the eye’s drainage system, leaving surrounding tissue unharmed. SLT is a quick, painless, and effective option for patients who want to avoid or reduce reliance on glaucoma medications.
How Does SLT Surgery Work?
The eye continuously produces a fluid called aqueous humor, which must drain properly to maintain healthy pressure. In glaucoma, the drainage system (trabecular meshwork) becomes clogged, increasing eye pressure and risking optic nerve damage.
SLT uses a special laser to stimulate the trabecular meshwork, helping it function better. The laser creates tiny biochemical changes that encourage better fluid outflow, lowering eye pressure.
Key Steps in the SLT Procedure:
Preparation – The doctor applies numbing eye drops to ensure comfort.
Lens Placement – A small contact lens is placed on the eye to focus the laser.
Laser Application – The laser delivers quick, painless pulses to the drainage area.
Recovery – The procedure takes about 5-10 minutes per eye, with no downtime.
Who Is a Good Candidate for SLT?
SLT is ideal for:
- Patients with open-angle glaucoma (the most common type).
- Those who want to reduce dependency on glaucoma eye drops.
- People who cannot tolerate medications due to side effects.
- Individuals seeking a non-surgical, low-risk treatment.
However, SLT may not work for angle-closure glaucoma or advanced glaucoma cases where surgery is necessary.
Benefits of SLT Over Other Glaucoma Treatments
1. Minimally Invasive
Unlike traditional glaucoma surgeries (like trabeculectomy), SLT requires no incisions or stitches.
2. No Major Side Effects
Most patients experience only mild redness or slight discomfort, unlike medications that can cause dryness, irritation, or systemic side effects.
3. Repeatable
If needed, SLT can be safely repeated, unlike some other laser treatments.
4. Quick Recovery
Patients resume normal activities the same day, with no lengthy healing process.
5. Reduces Need for Eye Drops
Many patients can lower or eliminate their glaucoma medications after SLT.
Potential Risks and Side Effects
While SLT is very safe, some temporary effects may include:
- Mild eye redness or irritation
- Slight blurry vision for a few hours
- Temporary increase in eye pressure (rare)
Serious complications are extremely rare, making SLT a low-risk option.
What to Expect After SLT Surgery
Immediately After: Your vision may be slightly blurry; avoid driving until it clears.
First 24 Hours: Use prescribed anti-inflammatory drops to prevent swelling.
Follow-Up: You’ll need a check-up in 4-6 weeks to measure eye pressure reduction.
Most patients see a 20-30% drop in eye pressure, with results lasting 1-5 years. Some may need a repeat treatment later.
SLT vs. Other Glaucoma Laser Treatments
SLT vs. ALT (Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty)
- ALT uses a higher-energy laser, causing more tissue scarring (can’t be repeated).
- SLT is gentler and can be repeated if needed.
SLT vs. Glaucoma Eye Drops
- Drops require daily use and can have side effects.
- SLT is a one-time (or occasional) treatment with long-lasting effects.
SLT vs. Invasive Glaucoma Surgery
- Surgeries like trabeculectomy have higher risks (infection, longer recovery).
- SLT avoids cutting the eye entirely.
Does SLT Surgery Hurt?
Most patients feel only slight pressure or a warm sensation during the procedure. Numbing drops prevent pain, and discomfort afterward is minimal.
How Long Do SLT Results Last?
SLT’s effects typically last 1-5 years, depending on the patient. Some may need a repeat treatment, while others maintain good pressure control long-term.
Is SLT Covered by Insurance?
Many insurance plans (including Medicare) cover SLT as it’s an FDA-approved glaucoma treatment. However, check with your provider for specific coverage details.
Conclusion
SLT is a safe, effective, and drug-free alternative for managing glaucoma. If you’re tired of daily eye drops or want a low-risk treatment, ask your eye doctor if SLT could be a good option.
Since glaucoma is a lifelong condition, regular eye check-ups are essential even after SLT to monitor eye pressure and optic nerve health.
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Silkiss Eye Surgery: A Comprehensive Guide to Vision Correction
Why Is Laser Eye Surgery So Expensive?
Can You Have Laser Eye Surgery Twice? What You Need to Know
